| Gene | Description
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|---|
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A | basic color factor, producing yellow-brown (Kooiman 1931;
Sirks 1922; Tjebbes and Kooiman 1922b; Tschermak 1912). It is
the equivalent of P, which has priority.
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A | indeterminate versus determinate, a, plant habit
(Emerson 1916; Norton 1915). Symbol superseded by Fin
(Lamprecht 1935b).
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A, B, C | schematic genes contributing to the length and
number of internodes (Emerson 1916). Also used as schematic genes
contributing to hybrid vigor (Malinowski 1924).
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A, B, C, D | schematic genes each contributing 1 cg to a
minimum seed weight (Sirks 1925).
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Aeq | Aequicoloratus (Latin): with P T E Uc Unc
and Rst or Rma darkens the
banner petal (Lamprecht 1935e, 1948a); with Sal the effect
is similar to V (Lamprecht 1948b).
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an | appears to have the functions of P (Hilpert 1949).
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|
av, sv, iv | confer resistance to bean common mosaic virus
(Ali 1950; Petersen 1958).
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B | originally a "blackener", producing anthocyanin
with the basic color gene P = A (Shull 1908; Sirks
1922; Tschermak 1912). According to Feenstra (1960) this gene
is the equivalent of the G of Shaw and Norton (1918), the
F of Kooiman (1920), the Z of Sirks (1922), and
the V of Lamprecht (1932a) and Prakken (1934). It is the
equivalent of Feenstra's C (1960).
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|
B I | hypothetical genes for testa vein color and orientation
(Sarafi 1974). Data not sufficient to establish new genes (Bassett,
editor).
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Br | According to Prakken (1972a) the Br of Smith
is the same as B. Br with P Rk produces
brown seed coat (Smith 1947), br with P Rk green
seed coat, br with P rk pink seed coat (Smith 1947).
Br considered by Lamprecht (1967c) to be identical with
Och.
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|
C R | hypothetical genes for seed coat color where C
gives cream, R gives red, C R produces milky phenotypes,
and r c produces pink (Sarafi 1974). The real genotypes
probably involve the Rk locus and its modifiers (Bassett,
editor).
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|
Cr | with P V gives a bluish violet
seed coat, violet flower and a violet tinge to other plant parts
(Feenstra 1960); the equivalent of Lamprecht's R (Lamprecht
1940a).
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|
Ca | with color genes, caruncula stripe (Lamprecht
1932c). Prakken (1970) believed this gene is a synonym for G.
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Can | According to Prakken (1972a) D is the equivalent
of Can or Ins of Lamprecht (1939). Can with
color genes gives a whitish (Speckweiss) testa (Lamprecht 1939)
or blubber white (Lamprecht 1951a), with a yellowish brown hilum
ring (Lamprecht 1939).
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E | intensifier with color genes (Tjebbes and Kooiman 1922b).
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e (z-2) E | required for complete coloring
of seed coat (Emerson 1909b); the action of e is hypostatic
on t, producing much reduced partial coloring of seed coat
and required for the soldier series of seed coat patterns (Emerson
1909b; Tschermak 1912; Lamprecht 1939b; Sax and McPhee 1923; Smith
1939; Leakey 1988). The only published data (Sax and McPhee 1923)
supporting the existence of this gene is too preliminary and inadequate.
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|
Epi Hyp | interspecific genes for epigeal and hypogeal
cotyledons in P. vulgaris and P. coccineus, respectively
(Lamprecht 1945, 1958). Lamprecht's model with Epi and
Hyp giving 9 distinct phenotypes for cotyledon attachment
position has been superseded by a quantitative model (Wall and
York 1957).
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|
Ext Int | interspecific genes for external and internal
stigma positions in P. coccineus and P. vulgaris,
respectively (Lamprecht 1945). Lamprecht's Mendelian model with
the Ext and Int loci giving 9 distinct phenotypes
for stigma form has been superseded by a quantitative model (Manshardt
and Bassett 1984).
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|
F | was used as a color gene by Shaw and Norton (1918) with
basic genes and their C for yellow to produce coffee-brown.
It was also used similarly by Kooiman (1931) with C for
yellow or orange-brown plus E, producing coffee brown,
to give black (A B C E F). The combinations A B F,
A C F, and A D F had pale lilac flowers (Tjebbes and
Kooiman 1922b) perhaps the equivalent of vlae.
The gene is no longer recognized.
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|
Flav | has a light yellow influence (Lamprecht 1951a) on
seed-coat color; previously considered to be recessive (Lamprecht
1939). Prakken (1970) believed this gene is a synonym for G.
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|
H | described by Shaw and Norton (1918) as producing light
brown or olive. Considered by Feenstra (1960) as the equivalent
of the D of Shull (1908), the C of Tschermak (1912),
the E of Kooiman (1931), the L of Sirks (1922),
the B of Lamprecht (1939), the B of Prakken (1934),
the B of Feenstra (1960), and the Bl of Smith (1939).
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ie | similar to the action of ip; also inhibits the
action of B and G (Nakayama 1959b); considered by
Lamprecht (1961c) to be equivalent of c.
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inh | inhibeo (Latin): inhibits the action of V on
seedcoat colors (Lamprecht 1940c).
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Ins | According to Prakken (1972a) D is the equivalent
of Can or Ins of Lamprecht (1939). Ins
with appropriate factors gives light buff (Lamprecht 1939) or
raw silk (Lamprecht 1951a) testa; has a hilum ring.
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|
lin | lineatus (Latin): produces red veins in wing petals
(Lamprecht 1935e). According to Prakken (1972a) red veins in
wing petals are a pleiotropic effect of the testa color gene rkd.
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Mst | causes striping of the seed coat (Smith
1947); redesignated Rst (Lamprecht 1947a).
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|
Ms In-ms Ms | confers male sterility and In-ms
inhibits action of Ms, restoring pollen fertility;
in-ms Ms is lethal (Mutschler and Bliss 1980). Without
translocation heterozygosity to account for the semisterile class,
the validity of the model is questionable (Ashraf and Bassett
1986).
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Nud | with P gives purple, waxy stem and crimson
flowers (Lamprecht 1935e).
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Och | with P C j gives ochre yellow tints
such as ochraceous, Hell Lohfarben, light tawny brown, tawny olive
to clay (Lamprecht 1933, 1939); has colored hilum ring (Lamprecht
1939); epistatic to Vir (Lamprecht 1939). Prakken (1970)
believed this gene is a synonym for G.
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P | (schematic) increases vigor with A B C (Malinowski
1924).
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Pur | obsolete symbol for V (Lam-Sanchez and Vieira
1964; Okonkwo and Clayberg 1984), originally Pur Ro has
a deep purple pod (Lamprecht 1951b).
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R | (schematic) increases vigor with A B C (Malinowski
1924).
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rki | gives pink background color with C Rma
or C Rst and recessive to rk for red
background color (Messiaen et al. 1983). Probably rki
is equivalent to the rk of Smith (1961) and the rk
of Messiaen et al. (1983) is equivalent to the rkd
of Smith (1961).
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S | (schematic) increases vigor with A B C (Malinowski
1924).
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Uc Unc (I1 I2) | uni
coloris (Latin): with appropriate genes darken the banner
petal (Lamprecht 1948a); either Uc-uc and Unc-unc
(Lamprecht 1948a) or I1-i1
and I2-i2 (Nakayama 1958)
for the presence or not of anthocyanin in hypocotyl and stem.
According to Prakken (1972b), both of these gene pairs are synonyms
for genes in the "complex C locus", e.g., Unc
is the equivalent of Str.
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vpal | with P gives clear light red flowers
(Lamprecht 1936); later shown to be a pleiotropic effect of pgri
(Bassett 1992b, 1994b).
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Vir | with P Gri C virescens or greenish shades on
the testa (Lamprecht 1933); among these are Russgrun or olive
black. Prakken (1970) believed that Vir is a synonymn
for B.
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Ws | confers resistance to Whetzelinia (now Sclerotinia)
sclerotiorum. Gene is no longer in use (Abawi and Provvidenti
1978).
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X x | early designation for inconstant mottling of the seed
coat (Emerson 1909a); now C c (Lamprecht 1940a).
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Z | constant mottling of the seed coat (Tjebbes and Kooiman
1919a); now Rma.
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Z-1 | self-colored seed coat (Tschermak 1912); the equivalent
of T.
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Z-2 | pigment extender (Tschermak 1912); the equivalent
of Z.
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