Project Title: WHEAT GERMPLASM ENHANCEMENT

Duration: 01/01/90 - 09/30/96

Sub Class:Hard Red Spring Wheat

Objectives: Produce and select novel genetic variation in WHEAT that will provide a resourceof gene(s) to WHEAT breeders for disease resistance and other traits. Develop improved techniques for facilitating gene transfer from alien species into adapted hard red spring and durum germplasm.

Approach: Accessions from genera of Triticinae, especially Secale, Agropyron, and Aegilopswill be screened for resistance to Scab, Septoria diseases, and tan spot. Depending on genomic constitution, various types of hybrids will be made with hexaploid or tetraploid WHEAT. In certain wide hybrids, techniques such as anther culture will be utilized to accelerate germplasm development. To achieve gene transfer from alien species, genetic recombination will be enhanced by chemical mutagenesis. The linkage of genetic markers to the gene(s) being transferred will be investigated to identify tools for use in marker-facilitated germplasm enhancement.

Keywords: WHEAT GERM-PLASM PLANT-IMPROVEMENT GENETIC-VARIANCE PLANT-GENETICS PLANT-BREEDING RESOURCE-CONSERVATION PLANT-DISEASE-RESISTANCE GENE-TRANSFER DURUM-WHEAT HARD-WHEAT SPRING-WHEAT PLANT-ACCESSIONS ANTHER-CULTURE TRITICEAE SECALE AEGILOPS AGROPYRON

Progress:

Progress on molecular mapping of tan spot resistance in WHEAT is reported in project ND05257. A study was completed to identify an RFLP marker linked with aluminum tolerance in WHEAT. One RFLP has been identified which resides 1.1 cM from an aluminum tolerance gene from 'BH1146' on 4DL. This marker explained more than 80% of the phenotypic variation in aluminum tolerance, indicating control by a single locus. In another study, we have determined the chromosomal location and interactions between two genes, scs and Vi, responsible for nucleocytoplasmic compatibility, plant vigor and fertility in alloplasmic lines with the cytoplasm of Triticum longissimum and the nuclear genome of T turgidum. scs and Vi were located to 1AL and 1BS, respectively. Results indicated there may be some inhibition of expression of Vi by unidentified genes. Two versus one dose of scs in the presence of one dose of Vi reduced fertility in these alloplasmic lines. In collaboration with other investigators, we are searching for RFLP markers linked to genes governing protein content in HRS and durum wheats; gluten strength in durum WHEAT, and Fusarium scab resistance in HRS. Preliminary results with protein in HRS WHEAT indicate a high level of polymorphism between the parents of the population. Segregating populations are being developed to transfer preharvest sprouting resistance from white wheats into durum and HRS WHEAT.

Publications:

RIEDE, C.R., J.A. ANDERSON, L.J. FRANCL, AND J.G. JORDAHL. 1993. Additional sources of resistance to tan spot of WHEAT. Page 193 in Agronomy Abstracts. American Society of Agronomy, Cincinnati, OH. ANDERSON, J.A., M.E. SORRELLS, P.L. FINNEY, AND S.D. TANKSLEY. 1994. Molecular mapping of grain quality traits in WHEAT. Page 15 in Plant Genome II Abstracts, San Diego, CA. ANDERSON, J.A., M.E. SORRELLS, P.L. FINNEY, AND S.D. TANKSLEY. 1994. Molecular mapping of grain quality traits in WHEAT. In Qualset, C.O.&P. McGuire (eds.). Proc. 4th Public Wkshp of the Intl. Triticeae Mapping Init.,San Diego,CA. ANDERSON, J.A., B.S. GILL, A. FRARY, J.E. AUTRIQUE, M.E. SORRELLS, AND S.D. TANKSLEY. 1994. RFLP analysis of phylogenetic relationships in Triticum species.Abstracts of the North American WHEAT Workers Workshop, Kansas City, MO. ANDERSON, J.A., AND C.R. RIEDE. 1994. Tan spot, RFLP markers for aluminum tolerance, and molecular markers for grain quality t)raits. Annual WHEAT Newsletter 40:297-299.

Relevance: Biological Efficiency-Field Crops
Relevance: Biological Efficiency of Plants, Animals
Relevance: Wheat
Relevance: Genetics and Breeding-Plant General Relevance: WHEAT
General Relevance: Production

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